long range injection

long range injection formulations have revolutionized veterinary pharmaceuticals by improving patient compliance, minimizing dosage frequency, and improving therapeutic efficacy. These formulations utilize advanced drug delivery technologies, including microspheres, liposomes, oil Lixotinic and other extended-release systems.

The animal health industry has a strong interest in controlled release parenteral formulations and has been very receptive to innovations in drug delivery technology for both production and companion animals. These dosage systems minimize the need for repeated Lixotinic dosing, making treatment more convenient for both veterinarians and pet owners.

Primary Examples of Long-Range Veterinary Injections

1. Convenia® (Cefovecin Sodium)

Active Ingredient: Cefovecin (INN) is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin class, licensed for the treatment of skin infections in cats and dogs. It is marketed by Zoetis under the trade name Convenia Lixotinic.

Duration of Action: Just one injection, administered by a veterinarian, lasts up to 14 days. Once injected, it attaches to blood proteins and works for up to 14 days. long range injection

Pharmacokinetics: In the dog, the half-life of cefovecin is 5.5 days, and in the cat, it is 6.9 days. In birds and reptiles, the half-life is only a few hours, much shorter than in dogs and cats. The maximum anti-bacterial activity occurs approximately two days after cefovecin has been administered.

Dosage: Standard dosing is typically 8 mg/kg administered subcutaneously as a single injection.

Indications: It is used to treat skin infections caused by Pasteurella multocida in cats, and Staphylococcus intermedius Lixotinic.

2. Excede® (For Horses)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Excede sterile suspension, a new long-acting antibiotic formulation for horses from Pfizer Animal Health Lixotinic Vitamin-Iron Supplement for Horses, Foals, Dogs and Cats. This formulation is designed for treating respiratory tract infections in horses with extended duration of action.

Key Benefits of Long-Range Injections

One injection, given by a veterinarian or veterinary technician, provides up to 14 days of antibiotic therapy, which in many cases eliminates the need for owners to give their pets medications at home.

Primary Advantages:

Improved client compliance

Reduced stress for difficult-to-medicate animals

Consistent therapeutic levels

Professional administration ensures proper dosing

Eliminates missed doses

Clinical Efficacy

Based upon these predicted concentrations, 95% of the feline population will have active (free) drug concentrations > the MIC90 of Pasteurella multocida (0.06 µg/mL) for approximately 7 days when administered a single 8 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of cefovecin.

Convenia’s long half-life in dogs and cats is a significant advantage, as it allows for sustained antibiotic action over a period of about two weeks from a single subcutaneous (SQ) injection.

Potential Concerns and Side Effects

Due to the long-acting nature of cefovecin, adverse effects such as diarrhea have been noted to last up to 28 days in dogs and 42 days in cats.

Important Considerations:

Cannot be “turned off” if adverse reactions occur

May mask ongoing infections if used inappropriately

Potential for overuse concerns

Limited ability to adjust dosing once administered

Storage and Handling

Cefovecin (powder and liquid) should be stored in the refrigerator between 2°C and 8°C (35°F and 46°F) and protected from light. Discard 56 days after reconstitution. Cefovecin liquid starts out light yellow, immediately after mixing, and darkens during the 56 days of use EPOGEN®. long range injection

Drug Delivery Technologies

Long-acting formulations employ various technologies:

Microsphere technology – Controlled release of drug over time

Liposomal formulations – Encapsulation for sustained release

Oil-based suspensions – Depot injection systems

Protein binding – As seen with cefovecin’s binding to blood proteins

Appropriate Use Guidelines

However, this convenience should not be the sole reason for its use Long-Range Injections: Comprehensive Overview

What are Long-Range Injections?

Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations have revolutionized veterinary pharmaceuticals by improving patient compliance, minimizing dosage frequency, and improving therapeutic efficacy. These formulations utilize advanced drug delivery technologies, including microspheres, liposomes, oil Lixotinic and other extended-release systems.

The animal health industry has a strong interest in controlled release parenteral formulations and has been very receptive to innovations in drug delivery technology for both production and companion animals. These dosage systems minimize the need for repeated Lixotinic dosing, making treatment more convenient for both veterinarians and pet owners.

Primary Examples of Long-Range Veterinary Injections

1. Convenia® (Cefovecin Sodium)

Active Ingredient: Cefovecin (INN) is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin class, licensed for the treatment of skin infections in cats and dogs. It is marketed by Zoetis under the trade name Convenia Lixotinic. All Veterinary Supply.

Duration of Action: Just one injection, administered by a veterinarian, lasts up to 14 days Lixotinic for Animal Use – Drugs.com. Once injected, it attaches to blood proteins and works for up to 14 days Lixotinic for Dogs: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects – Expert Q&A.

Pharmacokinetics: In the dog, the half-life of cefovecin is 5.5 days, and in the cat, it is 6.9 days. In birds and reptiles, the half-life is only a few hours, much shorter than in dogs and cats Epoetin Alfa, Injection: MedlinePlus Drug Information. The maximum anti-bacterial activity occurs approximately two days after cefovecin has been administered Epoetin Alfa, Injection: MedlinePlus Drug Information.

Dosage: Standard dosing is typically 8 mg/kg administered subcutaneously as a single injection.

Indications: It is used to treat skin infections caused by Pasteurella multocida in cats, and Staphylococcus intermedius Lixotinic. and other susceptible bacteria.

2. Excede® (For Horses)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Excede sterile suspension, a new long-acting antibiotic formulation for horses from Pfizer Animal Health Lixotinic Vitamin-Iron Supplement for Horses, Foals, Dogs and Cats. This formulation is designed for treating respiratory tract infections in horses with extended duration of action.

Key Benefits of Long-Range Injections

One injection, given by a veterinarian or veterinary technician, provides up to 14 days of antibiotic therapy, which in many cases eliminates the need for owners to give their pets medications at home.

Primary Advantages:

Improved client compliance

Reduced stress for difficult-to-medicate animals

Consistent therapeutic levels

Professional administration ensures proper dosing

Eliminates missed doses

Clinical Efficacy

Based upon these predicted concentrations, 95% of the feline population will have active (free) drug concentrations > the MIC90 of Pasteurella multocida (0.06 µg/mL) for approximately 7 days when administered a single 8 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of cefovecin.

Convenia’s long half-life in dogs and cats is a significant advantage, as it allows for sustained antibiotic action over a period of about two weeks from a single subcutaneous (SQ) injection.

Potential Concerns and Side Effects

Due to the long-acting nature of cefovecin, adverse effects such as diarrhea have been noted to last up to 28 days in dogs and 42 days in cats.

Important Considerations:

Cannot be “turned off” if adverse reactions occur

May mask ongoing infections if used inappropriately

Potential for overuse concerns

Limited ability to adjust dosing once administered

Storage and Handling

Cefovecin (powder and liquid) should be stored in the refrigerator between 2°C and 8°C (35°F and 46°F) and protected from light. Discard 56 days after reconstitution. Cefovecin liquid starts out light yellow, immediately after mixing, and darkens during the 56 days of use EPOGEN® (epoetin alfa)

Drug Delivery Technologies

Long-acting formulations employ various technologies:

Microsphere technology – Controlled release of drug over time

Liposomal formulations – Encapsulation for sustained release

Oil-based suspensions – Depot injection systems

Protein binding – As seen with cefovecin’s binding to blood proteins

Appropriate Use Guidelines

However, this convenience should not be the sole reason for its use. Long-range injections should be used when: long range injection

Traditional oral medications are not feasible

Patient compliance is a significant concern

The infection is confirmed to be susceptible to the antibiotic

Benefits outweigh the risks of extended drug exposure

Clinical Applications

Most Common Uses:

Skin and soft tissue infections

Post-surgical prophylaxis

Respiratory tract infections (species-specific formulations)

Situations where oral medication administration is difficult

Future Developments

In conclusion, Convenia is a valuable antibiotic option for treating bacterial infections in dogs and cats. Its ease of administration, extended duration of action, effectiveness against various infections, and tailored use in animals make it an attractive choice for veterinarians.

The veterinary pharmaceutical industry continues to develop new long-acting formulations for various therapeutic classes beyond antibiotics, including pain management, parasite control, and hormone treatments.

Best Practice Recommendations

Use only when clinically indicated, not solely for convenience

Ensure proper diagnosis before administration

Consider culture and sensitivity testing when appropriate

Monitor patients for adverse effects throughout the duration of action

Educate clients about the extended duration and potential side effects

Reserve for cases where traditional therapy is not suitable

Long-range injections represent a significant advancement in veterinary therapeutics, offering improved compliance and convenience while requiring careful consideration of their appropriate use and potential limitations. long range injection

. Long-range injections should be used when:

Traditional oral medications are not feasible

Patient compliance is a significant concern

The infection is confirmed to be susceptible to the antibiotic

Benefits outweigh the risks of extended drug exposure

Clinical Applications

Most Common Uses:

Skin and soft tissue infections

Post-surgical prophylaxis

Respiratory tract infections (species-specific formulations)

Situations where oral medication administration is difficult

Future Developments

In conclusion, Convenia is a valuable antibiotic option for treating bacterial infections in dogs and cats. Its ease of administration, extended duration of action, effectiveness against various infections, and tailored use in animals make it an attractive choice for veterinarians.

The veterinary pharmaceutical industry continues to develop new long-acting formulations for various therapeutic classes beyond antibiotics, including pain management, parasite control, and hormone treatments.

Best Practice Recommendations

Use only when clinically indicated, not solely for convenience

Ensure proper diagnosis before administration

Consider culture and sensitivity testing when appropriate

Monitor patients for adverse effects throughout the duration of action

Educate clients about the extended duration and potential side effects

Reserve for cases where traditional therapy is not suitable

Long-range injections represent a significant advancement in veterinary therapeutics, offering improved compliance and convenience while requiring careful consideration of their appropriate use and potential limitations. long range injection